CEREBROLYSIN (CBL)

Mechanism of Action
Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low–molecular weight peptides derived from porcine brain tissue, containing fragments of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and CNTF. It is thought to mimic endogenous neurotrophic effects by stimulating neurogenesis, neuronal protection, and brain repair. In vitro studies suggest that it promotes neuronal survival and vascular integrity within the central nervous system. Due to its peptide nature, it must be administered parenterally (by injection) to be effective.
 
Clinical Uses
Cerebrolysin is used in several countries (mainly in Eastern Europe and Asia) as a nootropic and neuroprotective therapy for neurological disorders. Its indications include dementia (Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia), post-stroke sequelae (cerebral infarction), and traumatic brain injury, although the supporting evidence remains preliminary. In Russia and other regions, it is prescribed in an attempt to enhance recovery after ischemic stroke or brain injury, as well as for cognitive disorders and various neuropathies. It should be noted that Cerebrolysin is not approved as a drug in countries such as the United States, where it is considered experimental.
 
Side Effects and Risks
Reported adverse effects associated with Cerebrolysin administration (generally injectable) include nausea, dizziness, headache, and sweating. Its use is not recommended in individuals with epilepsy, kidney disease, or hypersensitivity to its components. Clinical studies have not found a significant increase in serious adverse events (e.g., those requiring hospitalization) following its use in stroke patients, according to recent reviews. However, a 2023 Cochrane meta-analysis suggested a possible increase in spontaneous adverse events requiring hospitalization in patients treated after acute stroke, indicating that caution is warranted until more robust evidence becomes available.